This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal STATUS of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Honeybees produce propolis by collecting resinous material from various plant parts, such as buds, sap flows, leaves, and bark. It is used in traditional medicine and health services due to its biological activity. The content of propolis affects by their geographical and botanical origins and changes in their contents cause changes in their biological effects. Turkey has a rich structure in geography, ecology and climate because it incorporates three different floristic areas in country. These different structures have led to a variety of plants that vary from region to region. Propolis samples for this study were collected from 11 regions across Turkey, including Artvin, Duzce, and Balikesir. ANTIOXIDANT measurements were made on propolis samples extracted with a specific method. Total oxidant STATUS and oxidative index were calculated by in vitro analysis, and then compared. The in vitro analyses were performed using newly developed research measurement kits that were extremely sensitive and reliable. In the results of this study, ANTIOXIDANT capacity has been linked to phenolic compounds. Statistical significance was determined to each propolis samples in different regions. As a result, the total ANTIOXIDANT capacity of propolis was highest in the Artvin region (P<0. 01). ANTIOXIDANT and oxidant capacities and oxidative stress indices of propolis samples of different regions were determined statistically. This research includes in vitro assays that include highly reliable tests based on very useful and precise measurements. In Turkey variable characteristics of the region were monitored. For this reason, differences were observed in the total ANTIOXIDANT capacities of propolis samples by region. Honeybees produce propolis, a natural resinous substance, by collecting it from various plant parts, such as buds, sap flows, leaves, and bark. This substance has found application in traditional medicine and health services due to its biological activity. The chemical composition of propolis varies depending on its geographical and botanical origins, with alterations in the constituent components resulting in corresponding changes in biological effects. Turkey's unique geographical, ecological, and climatic characteristics are attributable to the presence of three distinct floristic regions within its borders. The diversity of these regions is reflected in the variety of plant species found in each area. For the present study, propolis samples were collected from 11 regions across Turkey, including Artvin, Duzce, and Balikesir. ANTIOXIDANT measurements were made on propolis samples extracted using a specific method. The ANTIOXIDANT STATUS and oxidative index of the samples were calculated using in vitro analysis and subsequently compared. The in vitro analyses were performed using research measurement kits that were newly developed and characterized by extreme sensitivity and reliability. The study's findings suggest a correlation between ANTIOXIDANT capacity and phenolic compounds. Statistical significance was determined for each propolis sample from different regions. The Artvin region was found to have the highest total ANTIOXIDANT capacity of the propolis samples (P<0. 01). The study further examined the ANTIOXIDANT and oxidant capacities, along with oxidative stress indices, of propolis samples from diverse regions. The research encompasses in vitro assays, incorporating highly reliable tests based on precise measurements. The study also monitored the variable characteristics of the region in Turkey. Consequently, variations in the total ANTIOXIDANT capacities of propolis samples by region were observed.

Objective: Beta-thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive disease causing severe and hemolytic anemia, which begins about 2-6 months after birth. Iron overload, which arises from recurrent transfusion and ineffective erythropoiesis, can enhance oxidative stress in thalassemic patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum total ANTIOXIDANT capacity of patients with s-Thalassemia major.Methods: Sixty six Iranian patients with b-thalassemia major and 66 age-gender matched controls were evaluated for serum total ANTIOXIDANT STATUS (TAS), uric acid (UA), bilirubin and albumin. In addition, serum ferritin and transaminases were recorded in these subjects.Findings: Significant increases of TAS, UA, and bilirubin were observed in the patient group, compared with the control group (P<0.01). Mean TAS and bilirubin in male patients was higher than in females (P=0.005 and P=0.008, respectively). There was also direct correlation between TAS and albumin (P<0.001), bilirubin (P<0.001) and UA (P=0.002).Conclusion: Endogenous ANTIOXIDANTs such as ferritin, UA and bilirubin can result in increased level of TAS in the patients with Beta-thalassemia major. Compensatory excess of TAS to oxidative stress could also be the reason for difference between our findings and previous studies.

Background: Approximately 50% to 80% of women experience varying degrees of postpartum depression. Oxidative stress is involved in many diseases, including depression.  Common production of lipid peroxidation by oxidative stress is malondialdehyde (MDA). The endocannabinoid system is a nervous regulator and convoy the impression that the circulatory levels of endocannabinoid is significantly reduced in depressed women. The major purpose of this paper was to evaluate activity of the major ANTIOXIDANT and endocannabinoid index in postpartum depression.Methods: A total of 130 women were entered in a case-control study in 12 Bahman Health Center from April 2011 to August 2011. In 4th to 6th week after delivery, women were equally divided into 2 groups based on Edinburg questionnaire (normal and postpartum depressive women). Serum MDA, total ANTIOXIDANT capacity (TAC) and RBC catalase levels were determined to investigate the oxidative STATUS. In addition, Mass spectrometry was applied for the analysis of serum anandamide (AEA) and 2- Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).Results: Based on Edinburg questionnaire, however, women age, husband age, husband marital number, gravidity, children number, salary and house size have no significant effect on postpartum depression, marital period was significantly increased postpartum depression (P<0.05). In addition, women education, husband education, wanted or unwanted pregnancy from women, neonatal sex, satisfaction of neonatal sex from women and husbands, breast feeding and delivery have no significant effect on postpartum depression, and women Job (P<0.001), husband job (P<0.001), wanted or unwanted pregnancy from husbands (P<0.05) were significantly changed postpartum depression. Serum MDA and RBC catalase levels were not significantly higher in depress compared with the normal group. TAC was significantly decreased in patients having postpartum depression (P<0.05). Serum AEA and 2-AG levels were significantly lower in depress compared with the normal group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Women’s Job, husband’s job, wanted or unwanted pregnancy from husbands and marital period are associated to postpartum depression. In postpartum depression, TAC, AEA and 2-AG are reduced. So it can be concluded that both ANTIOXIDANT system and endocannabinoid concentration involved in the development of postpartum depression.